PHNOM PENH, 30 August 2011 (IRIN)
- Building local resilience will prove key to better addressing the
effects of climate change in Cambodia, this year's Cambodia Human
Development Report (CHDR) states.

"Local action and local
solutions are what is needed most," Tin Ponlok, deputy director-general
of climate change for the Cambodian Ministry of Environment, told IRIN.
"This is where we can make the most difference."

Released on 30 August, the report, Building Resilience: The Future for Rural Livelihoods in the Face of Climate Change,
identifies climate change as a threat to human development gains and a
source of increasing vulnerability for Cambodia's poor.

About 80 percent of Cambodia's
14 million people live in rural areas, where the vast majority depend on
agriculture as their primary source of livelihood.

According to the UN Development
Programme (UNDP), shorter and more intense rainy seasons, combined with
longer and drier seasons, are expected to significantly alter the
country's agricultural landscape. Predicted rises in temperature could
have devastating effects on the rice crops on which many rural
livelihoods rely.

Studies in the region suggest
rice production, a staple part of the Cambodian diet, could decline
significantly with a one degree Celsius rise in temperature, making rice
farming unviable for many, the CHDR report says.

"Seasonal practices are now
changing and the growing cycle for rice is changing more and more," said
Richard Friend, co-author of the report, noting the potential impact
this could have on Cambodia's overall rice output.

"Many farmers lose their
seedlings when the rains are delayed," he said. "The rains appear to be
coming later than usual in line with climate change projections for
Cambodia and the region."

About 80 percent of Cambodia's rice output is rain-fed.

Speaking at the report's launch,
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance Keat Chhon
said although climate change was already high on the government's
agenda, it must now be thoroughly incorporated into strategic policies
and action plans across all sectors at the national and sub-national
levels to build future resilience.

"This needs to be done
particularly in the sectors that are the backbone of the national
economy such as agriculture, water resources, fisheries, forestry,
energy and physical infrastructure," he said.

The report argues for a well
coordinated effort to build climate resilience among the country's rural
population in four key areas: water resources, agriculture, forestry
and fisheries.

In 2010, delayed rains
demonstrated the extreme dependence of rural people's well-being on the
regularity of seasons, controlled by the climate, and the availability
of natural resources such as water.

The late onset of last year's
rainy season resulted in record-low water levels in the Tonle Sap and
Mekong rivers at a time when many poor farmers were still reeling from
the loss of their crops to Typhoon Ketsana in 2009, the report
explained.